A speaker who gathers information about the listeners and adapts his or her speech to them is demonstrating what type of speaking?

The choice of audience-centered speaking is appropriate because this type of speaking specifically involves understanding the audience's needs, preferences, and characteristics. By gathering information about the listeners, the speaker can tailor their message to resonate more effectively with the audience. This approach ensures that the content is relevant and engaging, enhancing the overall impact of the speech.

In this context, a speaker who adapts their presentation based on audience feedback or characteristics demonstrates a commitment to effective communication. The goal here is to engage the audience in a way that is personally relevant to them, which is the hallmark of audience-centered speaking.

Other types of speaking, such as informative or persuasive, may also consider the audience, but they do not emphasize the adaptation of content to the audience's specific attributes and needs in the same way that audience-centered speaking does. Emotional speaking tends to focus more on eliciting feelings rather than on adapting content based on audience characteristics.